Representation of truth and justice

Truth and justice are represented through words. No one fights for things that don't have a name. No one can bring to discussion that which doesn't have a name yet. The idea of truth and justice is mostly limited by the seekers vocabulary. 

Not all things worth representing have words for them and not all words represents something worth representing. 

Alternative tale of Black and White snakes

One upon a time there lived two snake brothers in a jungle. One of them was white in colour and other was black. Their parents named them Blacky and Whitey. One day they were playing who will pick the apple from a tree. The apple was a little high and they were finding it hard to reach. In a fit to win, both of them took a big run-up for jumping and struck the apple at the same time. The apple fell, but both of them started fighting over who win. Blacky said he won and Whitey said he won. The fight over apple made them bitter enemies. 

One day a white snake was quarrelling with a black snake. Whitey gave the black snake a good thrashing and told the white snake to stay away from black snakes as they are really evil. When Blacky came to know about this, he thrashed a white snake as well and repeated the same message of evil about the white snakes. That day the jungle got divided between black and white snakes. It was impossible for snakes to move about freely in the jungle. Whenever some group of black snakes saw some alone white snake, they would immediately surround and beat him. White snakes did the same to black snakes. 

Once a snake catcher came to the jungle. He observed how the black and white snakes behaved. He immediately came up with a strategy to catch snakes. First he used his tricks to catch a white snake. Then he took a big cage and put the white snake in it. He kept this cage in the area that belonged to black snakes. When the black snakes saw a white snake, they all flocked into the cage to attack the white snake. While they were busy beating the white snake, the snake catcher closed the cage and took home a big bundle of black snakes. He sold the snakes in the market to people who liked to eat snakes. He sold all the snakes except one black snake. Next time he put the black snake in the cage and took it to white snakes area. As expected, the white snakes came to attack the black snakes and ended up getting caught in the cage. 

This continued for many generations of snakes and snake catchers. Slowly the number of snakes captured by snakes catcher started to decrease. He wasn’t really sure why so many snakes are not attacking. After some time he decided to stop catching snakes as it was not worth the effort. When the snake catcher told this story to his son, he was very much intrigued. He was a biologist and interested in animal behaviour. He took the cage to the forest and caught few snakes and started to compare the snakes who attacked and those who didn’t. It took him long series of experiments to find that the snakes who were not attacking were colour blind. These snakes  always saw things in the shades of grey, never quite sure which one is black and which one is white. Some of these snakes were white and some were black. Since these snakes couldn’t distinguish between white and black, they survived. The jungle was grey again with black and white snakes everywhere. 

Tale of Blacky and Whitey

One upon a time there lived two snake brothers in a jungle. One of them was white in colour and other was black. Their parents named them Blacky and Whitey. One day they were playing who will pick the apple from a tree. The apple was a little high and they were finding it hard to reach. In a fit to win, both of them took a big run-up for jumping and struck the apple at the same time. The apple fell, but both of them started fighting over who win. Blacky said he won and Whitey said he won. The fight over apple made them bitter enemies. 

One day a white snake was quarrelling with a black snake. Whitey gave the black snake a good thrashing and told the white snake to stay away from black snakes as they are really evil. When Blacky came to know about this, he thrashed a white snake as well and repeated the same message of evil about the white snakes. That day the jungle got divided between black and white snakes. It was impossible for snakes to move about freely in the jungle. Whenever some group of black snakes saw some alone white snake, they would immediately surround and beat him. White snakes did the same to black snakes. 

Once a snake catcher came to the jungle. He observed how the black and white snakes behaved. He immediately came up with a strategy to catch snakes. First he used his tricks to catch a white snake. Then he took a big cage and put the white snake in it. He kept this cage in the area that belonged to black snakes. When the black snakes saw a white snake, they all flocked into the cage to attack the white snake. While they were busy beating the white snake, the snake catcher closed the cage and took home a big bundle of black snakes. He sold the snakes in the market to people who liked to eat snakes. He sold all the snakes except one black snake. Next time he put the black snake in the cage and took it to white snakes area. As expected, the white snakes came to attack the black snakes and ended up getting caught in the cage. 

The snakes didn’t knew what was happening. Whenever the snakes disappeared, the snakes thought it was the other side who was killing them. One day Whitey was roaming around in the jungle and he saw lots of white snakes beating a black snake. He was very tired and thinking about missing snakes. Instead of joining them, he just stood where he was and started resting, waiting for other white snakes to come back. He was startled when he saw the snake catcher closing the cage and catching all the snakes. He was devastated. It was clear to him why the snakes are disappearing. He called all the white snakes and told them about cage and how the snake catcher is using black snakes to catch them. The white snakes were furious. They decided to kill Whitey because he was the one who told them to beat the black snakes whenever they see one. 

The next time snake catcher came with a cage with a black snake, no white snake went near the cage. Snake catcher was surprised. He knew that they knew how he was catching them. Even when any black snake came into white area, they would not bother and let him be. The two areas of the jungle started to change colours. The black area became smaller and the white area started to grow and become grey in colour.  Few white snakes were still getting caught in the grey area, but the black snakes continue to disappear. After some time very few black snakes were left in the black area. The snake catcher stopped coming to the jungle because most of the snakes had learned how to avoid the cage. The jungle was grey again with black and white snakes everywhere. 

The leftist income tax

"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" is a slogan popularised by Karl Marx in his 1875 Critique of the Gotha Program. Who is supposed to implement this in a socialist society? Naturally this has to be government, otherwise who is to establish ability and who will establish need. If people have to go to court for everything, such a society will spend most of the time in court. It demands special people with impartial ability to judge ability and need, almost a magical quality. Such people don’t exist by the way. 

What kind of slogan suits a capitalistic society? If I have to invent it, it would be “to everyone at the same price”. And who sets the price? That of course is market, demand and supply. Capitalistic society has no need of any government, except the need to ensure security of markets and to ensure that markets are fair. The capitalistic society fails to comprehend public goods.  Without pricing, it can’t understand the value or relative value. The irony is that what capitalism produces is essentially a pubic good, a fair market. Everywhere markets emerge, it creates equality of access through pricing. We can think of pricing as the impartial ability to judge ability and need and that exactly is what socialism requires.  Capitalism in essence is the best implementation of socialism, the one that actually works, fairly. 

What are brands and what is insurance, both products of capitalism? Isn’t branding trying to get from each according to his ability to pay and insurance trying to give each according to his needs? Socialism is a vision of society better implemented through capitalism. A powerful capitalistic government is then a contradiction in terms. Capitalism doesn’t wants anything from government, it is just a necessary evil to ensure security. 

The question that bothers me in the capitalistic society is that of income tax. Income tax comes straight from the socialism text book - “from each according to his ability”. Why do we have income tax brackets and why is it based on a percentage? An equal society should share the cost of running the nation equally. If government is a public good, why should some people pay more? The right tax in the capitalistic society may be called Nation Building Fund. Whatever money is needed by the government beyond its sources of income should be divided equally between all the people of the country. During the financial year 2017-2018 the personal income tax  collected was 4,19,884 Crore.  Number of people who filed income tax in the same period was 6,32,50,002. India has a population of about 1.3 billion with roughly 40% children below 18 years. Number of people in the country that enjoy the benefits of living in a country are around 780 million. The number of people who pay income tax in India is around 5%. On average every tax payer paid around Rs 66 thousand. If all the capable people of India (not children) had to contribute the same amount, per person contribution would come to Rs 5383. It will actually reduce the income tax paid by people in the smallest slab from 10% @ 2.5 lakhs i.e 25 thousand by 80%. Thus every tax payer on average is carrying the burden of 11.3 non tax paying Indians.

Rs 5383 per year Uniform Nation Building Fund sounds very good except when we look at the definition of poverty in India. India has some 20% of the population below poverty line which is roughly around annual income of Rs 10,000.  Rs 5383 is more than 50% of the annual income of everyone who is under poverty line. 

I understand that many people cannot afford to pay a Uniform Nation Building Fund contribution . That is fine. What I don’t understand is that 95% of the Indian population which enjoys leftist  benefit, however meager they are and still use the word leftist as a slur? I hear the references to swabhimaan allover the social media, but doesn’t swabhimaan applies to paying for what you receive from the country? Indians have been protesting and vandalising public property for as long as we have become a country, but suddenly people are asking for recovering damages for destruction caused to public property. That is good start and I love it. We should have started earlier. Irony is that statistically only 5% of the people deserve to be asking for it. Rest 95% had no contribution to building that public property in the first place. Why so much gap between the words and reality? 

I love the management principle that one can only manage what one can measure. It is time we start the Uniform Nation Building Fund and Nation Building Loan Fund. Our income tax contribution should be split between these two funds. Rs 5383 goes to Uniform Nation Building Fund and any excess goes to Nation Building Loan Fund which gives nominal interest on that excess paid tax. If we pay less than Rs 5383, then the balance comes from Nation Building Loan Fund as a loan at the same nominal interest. If we don't pay any income tax, then all of it comes from the Nation Building Loan Fund. Let’s just calculate this for few years (actually, we can do this calculation with the given tax data) and see how are people doing.  May be government can make name tags with percentile scores (0-100) or some platinum, gold, silver, bronze stuff and call them swabhimaan tags. That will be a good way to build the swabhimaan of the country. I am sure many people who are poor by income tax standards will pay Rs 5383 to buy their swabhimaan. If swabhimaan  sells, use it.  Why take away the opportunity of taking pride in their contribution to nation building from people?  Why hide the interdependence of people from each other and make them enemies, if we can make them understand and align towards nation building? 

We don’t need to go to history to look for swabhimaan, we can use swabhimaan to build the country and create swabhimaany Indians.  

Reservation by Religion vs Reservation by Constitution

When we talk about reservation, most of the anger comes towards reservation by constitution. This is the 21% reservation for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in educational institutions and government jobs. The other reservation which is the reservation by religion is never called out. The reservation I am referring to is reservation by caste, not post-constitution but pre-constitution, the one that we lived with since inception of the universe according to mythology. If we date it according to what we know when Vedas were written, it will be some 3000 years ago. Hinduism is a religion based on inequality and 100% reservation based on caste. Son of priest can become a priest and son of a ruler can become a ruler. This is pure 100% reservation of education and profession by caste. 

Thanks to British who opened up schools and universities that other castes who could afford education could finally get it. Assuming people end up having kids by the time they are 25, the 100% reservation by caste sanctioned by religion lasted some 120 generations. This makes the religiously reserved castes the biggest beneficiaries of reservation in the whole of known human history.  The constitutional scheduled castes by comparison are just 3 generations old and that too taking just the 21%.  Am I missing something here? 

The good part is that some of people from the religious reserved castes after 120 generations of 100% reservation are against 21% reservation for those people who were denied the education and opportunity to grow for 120 generations because now they believe in equality of opportunity for everyone. This is wonderful news! Finally we are past the inequality advocated by Hinduism and questioning the inequality created by constitution inspite of promising us equality. This is a conversation worth having. 

Let’s try to deconstruct the equality of opportunity. India abolished inheritance tax in 1985. Before that India had 85% inheritance tax through constitution. Perhaps the idea was to bring about social equality through equality in opportunity by levelling the economic playground. If the unit of nation is an individual, his tax is individual, his vote is individual, his crimes are individual,  then it seems appropriate to assume that his accumulated wealth is individual too. Why should children get the benefits of work done by their parents? In short, inheritance tax makes sense. Alternatively, the unit of nation is actually a family and not an individual. In which case it makes sense for the family to appropriate all the wealth i.e no inheritance tax. (As a side note, this will be an excellent way to discourage corruption if family inherited property as well as crimes and their punishments). If the unit of nation is a family, then the unit of reservation should be family as well.  This fits nicely with the idea of constitutional reservation. Reservation is bad when looked at from the equality of opportunity of an individual, but it is fair given the economic reality of family as unit of nation and opportunity. The idea of having equality of opportunity at individual level but conservation of property at family level is not equality, it is simply an abuse of notion of equality. We are comparing apples with grapes here. If we believe in meritocracy, we have to argue not only for abolition of reservation but also bring around high inheritance tax. If we believe in right to inheritance, we need to accept the economic consequences of it and support reservation. Without this balance, we are simply asking formula one cars and cyclists to compete on the same track in the name of equality. This is pretty far from equality of opportunity, on the contrary,  it is a mockery of meritocracy. What we are comparing in this example is not merit, what we are comparing is access to resources. 

Apologies for being a “castehole”: explaining world through caste, but I feel caste is better understood through economics and not religion. It is just the economics of caste that make it appear as a construct having some predictive value, but the actual economics is never discussed or debated. Simply abolishing reservation will not bring equality, it will just widen the economic gap and the explanation will be caste. Not abolishing the reservation creates the feeling of undue privilege, hatred and still nurtures the thinking on caste lines. There is no version of this in which caste doesn't win.  We either have religion reserved castes or constitutional reserved castes, but reserved never the less. For some time now, we also have some overlap where religion reserved castes are also constitutional reserved castes. Looks like the idea that unites us is also the same idea that divides us: reservation. 

Slavery world over has always been explained through laziness of slaves and their lower moral character. Colonialism was explained as white mans burden to librate the natives. Explanations explain and hide. Words reveal and conceal. Language unites and divides.  If there was no caste or at least no reservation by caste pre-constitution we would never have had the need for reservation by caste post-constitution. We are all biological neural networks, we do as we are trained, except we have the power to intercept our learned responses with reasoned responses. We can learn from each other, converse and correct our biases. It takes time and as Montesquieu said “Success in majority of circumstances depends on knowing how long it takes to succeed”. Sometimes generations. Caste is both social and economic phenomena and we need to fix at least one side to fix the other side.